How to Become an LPN
Interested in starting a hands-on healthcare career? PracticalNursing.org has dozens of guides that break down the essential steps to become a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN), including education requirements, licensure, clinical training, and tips for choosing the right nursing program. Whether you’re just getting started or making a career change, learn how to enter the field of allied healthcare with confidence.
Written by The PracticalNursing.org Editorial Team.
To become a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or a Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) in states like California and Texas, you’ll need to complete a state-approved LPN/LVN program. These programs typically take 12 to 18 months and are offered at community colleges, vocational schools, and hospitals. The curriculum combines classroom instruction with hands-on clinical training in areas like pharmacology, patient care, and anatomy.
Most states offer multiple paths to enrollment. For example, California has over 170 state-approved LVN programs, Texas has more than 100, and New York features state-run BOCES programs that prepare students for licensure. To choose the best program for your needs, make sure it’s accredited by agencies such as the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) or CCNE, and read our full guide on how to choose a good LPN school.
After completing your coursework, you’ll be eligible to take the NCLEX-PN exam, the national licensure exam required for all practical nurses. This exam tests your knowledge across four major areas of nursing care:
- Safe and effective care environments
- Health promotion and maintenance
- Psychosocial integrity
- Physiological integrity
Many students benefit from joining study groups or using structured test prep tools. We offer a free NCLEX-PN practice test that mirrors the exam’s format and includes helpful answer rationales.
Once you pass the exam, you can apply for state licensure and begin your career as an LPN. If you’re unsure whether this career is right for you, we recommend reading our guides on what LPNs do, how much they earn, and how to advance from LPN to RN through programs like LPN to ADN and LPN to BSN.
Deciding to become a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) is a meaningful step toward entering the healthcare profession in a hands-on, patient-focused role. LPN programs are relatively short, typically lasting about 12 to 18 months and offer a direct path to a licensed and employable position within the nursing field.
An LPN education blends classroom instruction with supervised clinical experience, allowing students to gain practical skills in areas such as basic patient care, medication administration, charting, and communication within a healthcare team. These programs are commonly offered by community colleges, vocational schools, and hospital-based training centers.
One of the first things to understand is how LPN programs compare to Registered Nurse (RN) programs. While both are nursing careers, LPNs typically complete shorter training and focus on essential nursing duties, while RNs hold more advanced responsibilities and require more education. Learn more about the difference between LPN and RN paths if you’re considering long-term growth in nursing.
When evaluating LPN programs, students should look for state-approved and accredited schools, as these meet the requirements for licensure eligibility. Accreditation ensures the program covers critical competencies and prepares students for the NCLEX-PN exam, which is required to become licensed in any state.
LPN school can be demanding, especially for those balancing work or family responsibilities, but it also offers one of the most accessible routes into nursing. With the right preparation and support, you can complete your program, pass the licensing exam, and begin working in hospitals, long-term care facilities, clinics, or home health settings—all within a relatively short period of time.
If you’re exploring practical nursing as a career, take time to research schools, understand the admissions process, and make sure the LPN role aligns with your goals. For many, it serves as both a fulfilling long-term profession and a foundation for future advancement in the nursing field.
The cost of becoming a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) is generally lower than pursuing a Registered Nurse (RN) degree, making it one of the more affordable paths into the nursing field. However, costs can still vary widely depending on the school, location, and whether the program is offered by a public community college, private institution, or hospital-based training center.
LPN program tuition typically ranges from $4,000 to $25,000. Community colleges tend to offer the most affordable options, while private vocational schools may charge higher tuition. In addition to tuition, students should account for other expenses such as textbooks, uniforms, background checks, licensing exam fees, and supplies for clinical training.
Lost wages are another factor for many students. Since most LPN programs are full-time and include daytime clinical rotations, students may need to reduce work hours or temporarily leave their jobs, which can affect household income. Planning both financially and logistically can help reduce stress during your training.
Other personal costs can include childcare, transportation, and meals, especially for students balancing family obligations while attending classes or clinicals. These indirect expenses should be included in your overall budget when evaluating program affordability.
Fortunately, there are many ways to reduce the financial burden. Students may qualify for federal student aid, grants, and subsidized loans by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). It’s important to review FAFSA requirements and deadlines to ensure eligibility and maximize available support. In some cases, state-specific aid programs and employer-sponsored tuition reimbursement may also be available.
LPN scholarships are another valuable resource, especially those awarded based on need, merit, or commitment to work in underserved areas. Many local hospitals, community organizations, and nursing associations offer scholarship opportunities for practical nursing students.
Understanding the total cost of an LPN program, and knowing how to pay for it can make your path to a nursing career more manageable. With proper planning, many students are able to finance their education without incurring overwhelming debt, especially compared to longer and more expensive RN or BSN programs.
Once enrolled in an LPN or LVN program, you’ll begin a structured curriculum that blends classroom instruction with hands-on clinical training. Your coursework will include general education classes like anatomy and physiology, alongside nursing-specific subjects such as pharmacology, infection control, and patient care techniques. Clinical practicums provide the opportunity to apply your knowledge in real healthcare settings under the supervision of licensed instructors, preparing you for the day-to-day responsibilities of an LPN.
Time management is critical during this phase. Many students juggle school, family, and part-time work, so creating a consistent study schedule, organizing assignments, and preparing ahead for clinical rotations can make a big difference. Staying healthy, getting enough sleep, and managing stress are equally important to avoid burnout. If you’re balancing other responsibilities, read our guide on working while going to LPN school for helpful tips.
Supplies you’ll need typically include textbooks, scrubs, clinical tools (like stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs), a reliable notebook or laptop, and supportive footwear for clinical days. Your program will likely provide a checklist of required materials at the start.
As you near graduation, you’ll begin preparing for the NCLEX-PN exam, the national licensing test required in all 50 states to become a practicing LPN or LVN. The exam covers four main areas: Safe and Effective Care Environments, Health Promotion and Maintenance, Psychosocial Integrity, and Physiological Integrity. You can schedule the NCLEX-PN through the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, and the testing fee is typically $200.
To succeed, many students use NCLEX-PN practice tests, study groups, and review guides designed specifically for the exam’s structure. On test day, arrive early, stay calm, and read each question carefully. If you don’t pass on the first attempt, don’t worry—most states allow you to retake the exam after a waiting period.
Once you’ve passed the NCLEX-PN and received your license from your state’s Board of Nursing, you’re officially qualified to begin working as an LPN. At this point, it’s time to start building your resume, applying to jobs, and preparing for interviews. See our resources on LPN resumes and job applications to get started.
Creating a strong, professional resume is one of the most important steps in landing your first job as a licensed practical nurse. A well-crafted resume not only highlights your qualifications but also sets the tone for how potential employers perceive your professionalism and attention to detail.
Start with clear contact information at the top of your resume, including your full name, phone number, professional email address, and current city and state. Avoid using casual email addresses—stick to something simple and professional.
Your objective or summary should be a brief 1–2 sentence statement that communicates your goals and value as an LPN. Tailor it to the role you’re applying for. For example: “Compassionate and dedicated newly licensed LPN seeking to provide high-quality patient care in a long-term care setting.”
List your education credentials, including the name of your LPN or LVN program, the institution, and your graduation date. If you earned honors or awards during your studies, include them here.
Your clinical experience and any previous healthcare work experience should follow. Detail your clinical rotations, the types of facilities where you trained, and the specific skills or procedures you performed (e.g., wound care, vital signs, charting). Use bullet points and start each one with action verbs like “Assisted,” “Monitored,” or “Documented.”
You may also choose to include optional sections, such as certifications (CPR, IV Therapy), language skills, or relevant volunteer work. These extras can make you stand out from other applicants.
Stick to basic resume formatting: one page, clean fonts, and consistent spacing. Save your resume as a PDF when submitting online to preserve formatting across devices.
When it comes to applying, understand the difference between online and paper applications. Most healthcare employers now use digital portals, which may require you to enter your resume information manually in addition to uploading a file. Be prepared with all necessary documents, including your resume, cover letter, license number, and reference contacts.
Finally, learn how to complete job applications effectively. Follow all instructions closely, double-check for typos, and customize your materials for each position. Taking the extra time to tailor your resume and application for specific job descriptions shows initiative and can help you stand out.
LPN interview tips with questions and answers
Preparing for your LPN interview is just as important as writing a great resume. Whether you’re a new graduate or returning to the workforce, a successful interview can make all the difference. Knowing what to expect and how to respond will help you stand out with confidence and professionalism.
Dress for success: First impressions matter. Wear clean, professional attire appropriate for a healthcare setting. Avoid overly casual or flashy clothing and keep accessories minimal. A polished appearance communicates that you take the role seriously.
Time your arrival: Plan to arrive 10–15 minutes early. Showing up on time demonstrates responsibility and reliability—qualities every healthcare employer values in an LPN.
Do your homework: Research the employer beforehand. Learn about the facility’s values, patient population, and services offered. Be prepared to explain why you want to work there specifically, and how your skills align with their needs.
Expect the unexpected: You may encounter situational or behavioral questions like, “Tell me about a time you handled a difficult patient,” or “How do you manage stress during a busy shift?” Practice answering these calmly and clearly, using real-life examples from school or clinical experience.
10 common LPN interview questions and sample responses:
- Why did you choose to become an LPN?
- Tell me about your clinical experience.
- How do you handle challenging patients or families?
- What are your strengths as a nurse?
- What would you do if you disagreed with a supervisor?
- How do you stay organized during a busy shift?
- How do you handle mistakes on the job?
- What would your instructors or previous employers say about you?
- Describe a time you worked as part of a team.
- Where do you see yourself in five years?
Prepare answers ahead of time using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to give structured, thoughtful responses.
Questions you should ask during an interview:
Always come prepared with a few of your own questions. These might include:
- What is the nurse-to-patient ratio?
- What kind of orientation or training do new LPNs receive?
- What are opportunities for continued education or advancement?
Asking insightful questions shows initiative and interest in the role.
Questions you should avoid asking:
Steer clear of asking about pay or benefits too early in the process unless the employer brings it up. Also avoid questions that could easily be answered by reading the job posting or website.
Practice makes perfect: Rehearse your answers with a friend, career advisor, or in front of a mirror. The more you practice, the more confident and natural you’ll sound during the real interview.
Always say thank you: Follow up after your interview with a polite thank-you email or handwritten note. Express appreciation for their time and reiterate your interest in the position.
Once you’ve completed your training and passed the NCLEX-PN, you’ll be ready to enter the workforce as a licensed practical nurse. LPNs play a vital role in healthcare, offering hands-on care and emotional support to patients across a wide range of settings. From hospitals and clinics to long-term care facilities, schools, and home health environments, LPNs are in demand nationwide.
What do LPNs do?
LPNs provide essential care under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs) or physicians. Their responsibilities may include monitoring vital signs, administering medications, assisting with wound care, documenting patient progress, and helping with daily living activities. The exact duties will vary depending on your work environment and patient population.
Where do LPNs work?
You’ll find opportunities in a variety of settings, including:
- Hospitals and outpatient clinics
- Rehabilitation and long-term care facilities
- Assisted living centers
- Private practices
- Schools and correctional facilities
- In-home care and hospice
Areas of practice and specialization:
Some LPNs choose to specialize in fields like pediatrics, geriatrics, hospice care, or mental health. As you gain experience, you may qualify for supervisory roles or explore advanced training in related areas.
Starting your first job:
Landing your first position may involve submitting applications, going through interviews, and completing a work orientation period. During orientation, you’ll learn the specific procedures, policies, and patient care systems used by your employer.
Maintaining and advancing your license:
To stay licensed, you’ll need to complete periodic renewals as required by your state’s nursing board. This typically includes continuing education hours. Many LPNs also go on to earn an associate’s or bachelor’s degree through bridge programs like LPN to RN, LPN to ADN, or LPN to BSN to expand their scope of practice and increase earning potential.
LPN salary expectations:
The average salary for an LPN in the United States is approximately $62,340, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Your earnings may vary based on your location, experience, and the type of facility where you work.
Understand what’s on the NCLEX-PN and how to prepare. Start studying with our NCLEX-PN Practice Test Questions.
Find the Best LPN Programs in Your State or Your City with our Rankings
Search and compare LPN programs by state or city to find the best fit for your education and career goals. Our rankings highlight top-rated schools based on accreditation, cost, NCLEX-PN pass rates, and more.